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Impedance-Based Analysis of Active Frequency Drift Islanding Detection Method for Grid-Tied Inverter System
Year: 2014
Fig. 1. PLL-based AFD islanding detection method.
Differing from traditional analysis of the AFD method, this paper proposes an impedance-based analysis which unveils that frequency drift is the consequence of interaction between inverter output impedance and the impedance of local loads. As shown in Fig. 2, the dc imped-ance of the inverter is equal to the dc impedance of the local load. With feed forward gain N = 0, the phase difference is 180°; with N bigger than 0.015, the inverter output impedance drops below -180° and the system becomes unstable due to lack of phase margin. A three-phase voltage source inverter is used for experiments. Fig. 3 shows the islanding event with N = 0.015. It can be seen that the PLL output frequency starts to drift when an islanding event happens, the system is unstable.
Moreover, the impedance-based analysis also shows that the AFD method has the potential to destabilize the grid-connected inverter system when the grid is weak or the size of inverter is large. Because a grid-tied inverter features a negative incremental resistance in the qq channel, the AFD method makes the phase even below -180° which decreases the phase margin of the system.
Fig. 2. Impedance interaction in qq channel between inverter and local load under islanding condition.
Fig. 3. PLL with feed forward gain N=0.015 when islanding event happens: terminal voltage (purple) [100 V/DIV], inverter current (blue) [20A/DIV], ωc (green) [5 Hz/DIV].
